Which of the following factors affects the efficiency of a hydraulic system?

The efficiency of a hydraulic system is influenced by several factors, with both fluid temperature and piston diameter playing significant roles.

Fluid temperature is critical because it affects the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid. When the temperature increases, the viscosity typically decreases, which can lead to lower friction losses and potentially higher efficiency. However, if the temperature exceeds optimal levels, it may result in fluid degradation and increased wear on components, adversely affecting the system's performance.

Piston diameter also impacts efficiency because it determines the force that can be exerted by the hydraulic system. A larger piston diameter allows for greater force production, leading to more effective transmission of power through the hydraulic fluid. However, it can also increase resistance and energy losses, particularly if the system is not well designed to handle the increased forces.

Considering these factors collectively, understanding their interplay is essential for optimizing a hydraulic system's efficiency. Therefore, both fluid temperature and piston diameter are integral to the overall performance and efficiency of hydraulic systems, which is why the correct answer includes both elements.