Which method is appropriate when using emery cloth on a shaft?

Using emery cloth effectively on a shaft is best achieved through perpendicular motion. This method allows for even surface contact and consistent abrasion across the material. When working in this manner, the emery cloth can effectively remove imperfections, rust, or old finishes without causing uneven wear or creating new scratches that are misaligned with the shaft's surface.

Applying the emery cloth perpendicularly to the shaft also helps in maintaining control over the process and ensures that the abrasive action is directed properly, supporting a more refined finish and reducing the risk of damaging the shaft. Aligning the motion this way is critical for producing optimal results, especially in applications where precision is key, such as in fitting components together or in preparation for further machining processes.