What is the main function of an accumulator?

The main function of an accumulator is to store pressurized fluid. Accumulators are crucial in hydraulic systems, where they serve as reservoirs of hydraulic fluid under pressure. This stored fluid can be utilized to ensure that there is a continuous supply of hydraulic pressure when needed, especially during peak demand periods or when the main pump is not operational. By maintaining a reserve of pressurized fluid, accumulators help ensure system stability and availability of power for a machine's operation.

While other options, such as absorbing shock or even out pulsations, describe some secondary benefits or functionalities of accumulators, the primary role is fluid storage. Additionally, protection against over-pressure is a different function typically managed by safety valves or pressure relief devices, which are specifically designed to prevent system failures due to excess pressure. Thus, the focus on fluid storage underlines the essential role accumulators play in enhancing the performance and efficiency of hydraulic systems.