What is a common application of ultraviolet light in water treatment?

The application of ultraviolet light in water treatment primarily involves disinfection, which is achieved by using UV light to kill or inactivate microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa present in the water. This process is highly effective because UV light disrupts the DNA or RNA of these pathogens, preventing them from reproducing and thereby making the water safe for consumption.

Using ultraviolet light for disinfection is advantageous because it does not involve the addition of chemicals, which can sometimes result in the formation of harmful by-products. Additionally, this method is rapid and can effectively treat water without the need for extensive filtration or large chemical doses.

While measuring pH levels, enhancing color, or increasing turbidity are processes related to water quality, they do not fall under the disinfection capabilities of ultraviolet light. Each of those processes addresses different aspects of water treatment that do not specifically focus on eliminating pathogens, thus making disinfection through UV light a standout application in the context of ensuring water safety.