In hydraulic systems, what does the term 'cavitation' refer to?

Cavitation in hydraulic systems refers specifically to the formation of vapor bubbles in the fluid. This phenomenon occurs when the pressure in the fluid drops to below the vapor pressure, causing the liquid to vaporize and form bubbles. These vapor bubbles can collapse violently when they move into higher-pressure areas of the system. This collapsing action can cause significant damage to components within the hydraulic system, such as pumps and valves, leading to pitting and erosion of metal surfaces.

Understanding cavitation is critical for millwrights and professionals dealing with hydraulic systems because it can significantly impact the efficiency and longevity of the equipment. By ensuring that systems are designed and operated to avoid low-pressure areas, professionals can mitigate the risks associated with cavitation.