In a volute pump, the impeller can be reduced by __________% before hydraulic losses affect pump efficiency.

In a volute pump, the impeller diameter can be reduced by up to 20% before the hydraulic losses significantly impact pump efficiency. This understanding stems from the principles of fluid dynamics and pump design.

When the impeller diameter is reduced, it decreases the flow rate, which typically leads to lower velocity at the impeller tips and reduced energy transfer to the fluid. However, hydraulic losses, primarily due to friction and turbulence, do not increase proportionally until the diameter is reduced beyond that 20% threshold. Beyond this point, the flow becomes more inefficient, and the additional losses from these factors begin to overshadow the benefits of reduced impeller size.

In practical terms, maintaining optimal efficiency while managing energy consumption and flow dynamics is crucial in pump operation, especially in systems requiring precise fluid handling. Understanding this relationship allows millwrights to make informed decisions about pump modifications and repairs while ensuring operational efficiency remains intact.