Cushions in hydraulic cylinders serve what main purpose?

Cushions in hydraulic cylinders play a crucial role in enhancing the smooth operation and longevity of the cylinder. Their primary purpose is to slow down the cylinder at the end of its stroke. This function is essential because it helps to prevent abrupt stops that can lead to mechanical shock, which might damage the cylinder and supporting structures over time.

When the cylinder reaches the end of its stroke, the cushion absorbs the kinetic energy of the moving cylinder, gradually decelerating it. This action decreases the impact forces that would otherwise be present if the cylinder stopped suddenly. By controlling the deceleration, cushions also reduce the wear and tear on seals and other internal components, ensuring reliable performance and extending the lifespan of the hydraulic system.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the function of cushions in hydraulic systems. Increasing pressure is managed by control valves and the pump; maintaining fluid temperature is typically achieved through cooling mechanisms, and enhancing lifting capacity relates to the cylinder's design and dimensions rather than the function of cushions.